Online appendix to BEH 3886

Video 1. Male contest behaviours under two different sex ratio treatments. The first part of the video shows a rival male mounted on a copulating pair. This male bites the head of the mating male, then produces substrate-borne vibrations. The next part of the video shows two males engaged in a head-to-head fight with their mandibles locked. They also produce substrate-borne vibrations during this fight. In the last part of the video, one male is mounted on a rival male and bites the rival male on the head and pronotum. The rival male stridulates and the mounted male produces substrate-borne vibrations. Note: the substrate-borne vibrations are low frequency vibrations and may be difficult to hear. For the best listening experience, turn up the volume or use earbuds to help hear the recorded vibrations.

Video 2. A mating pair engages in copulation as substrate-borne vibrations are produced. The male antennates the females head during copulation. Note: the substrate-borne vibrations are low frequency vibrations and may be difficult to hear. For the best listening experience, turn up the volume or use earbuds to help hear the recorded vibrations.

Video 3. One example of the vibrations produced during a female’s ‘tantrum.’

Supplementary Audio 1: Plant-borne vibration produced in a fighting context.

Supplementary Audio 2: Plant-borne vibration produced in a mating context.

Supplementary Audio 3: Stridulation produced in a fighting context.

Supplementary Audio 4: Stridulation produced in a mating context.